What is the work angle in GMAW?

The work angle in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) refers to the specific orientation of the electrode relative to the workpiece during the welding process. This angle is critical because it directly affects the shape and quality of the weld.

The correct choice specifies that the work angle is less than 90 degrees between a perpendicular line to the workpiece and a plane determined by the electrode axis and the weld axis. This description accurately captures how the work angle is measured in relation to the workpiece surface. The angle helps control the distribution of heat and the penetration of the weld into the base material.

Effective control of the work angle enables welders to create strong, well-shaped welds by influencing factors such as bead appearance, penetration, and the likelihood of defects. A proper work angle ensures efficient melting of the filler and base materials while minimizing issues such as burn-through or excessive spatter.

In contrast, the other options describe different angles or concepts that do not accurately define the work angle in GMAW. The angles related to the welding gun or the arc length do not focus on the critical position of the electrode relative to the workpiece necessary for achieving a high-quality weld.