What is the travel angle in GMAW?

In Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), the travel angle refers to the angle formed between the electrode and the direction of travel. When this angle is less than 90 degrees between the electrode and the weld, it allows for a better control of the weld pool and facilitates adequate penetration and bead shape. A smaller angle typically contributes to a more focused arc, which can improve the quality of the weld by ensuring that heat is applied directly to the base material, enhancing fusion and thereby improving the overall weld integrity.

While some angles greater than 90 degrees may not contribute effectively to penetration, and larger angles that fall between 45 to 60 degrees may limit the control over the weld puddle, the specific definition of the travel angle focuses on effective welding practices. An angle equal to 90 degrees can lead to issues with penetration and bead shape, thus affecting the quality of the weld. Hence, the travel angle being less than 90 degrees is crucial for optimal welding results.