What does turbulence in GMAW refer to?

Turbulence in GMAW refers to an upset in the flow of shielding gas. This phenomenon occurs when the normal, laminar flow of shielding gas becomes disturbed, leading to erratic or chaotic movement. Such turbulence can adversely affect the welding process by disrupting the protective atmosphere that the shielding gas creates around the arc and weld pool.

A steady flow of shielding gas is crucial for preventing oxidation and contamination of the molten weld pool; when turbulence occurs, it may allow atmospheric gases to enter the weld area, which can lead to defects in the weld such as porosity or lack of fusion. Understanding the effects of turbulence helps welders maintain an optimal welding environment for consistent and high-quality welds.