What does the "push angle" term refer to in welding?

The term "push angle" in welding specifically refers to the angle of the welding torch directed towards the joint during the welding process. This technique is crucial as it influences the way the molten pool behaves and affects the penetration and overall weld quality. When utilizing the push angle, the welder positions the torch so that the electrode and the arc are angled forward, essentially "pushing" the weld pool toward the direction of travel. This approach can help achieve better penetration and typically produces a more aesthetically pleasing weld bead.

In contrast, other options address techniques or contexts not directly related to the push angle. For instance, the backward technique for welding refers to a different method where the welder pulls the torch away from the weld puddle, which affects heat distribution and penetration differently than the push technique. The mention of welding sheet metal pertains specifically to the materials and processes but does not define the push angle itself. Lastly, the reference to machining processes is unrelated, as it pertains to shaping or removing material rather than the nuances of welding technique.