What does proper torch angle in GMAW ensure?

Proper torch angle in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) primarily ensures optimal gas flow over the weld pool. This is crucial because a well-directed flow of shielding gas protects the molten weld pool from contamination by atmospheric gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen. Maintaining the correct angle allows for efficient coverage, minimizing the risk of defects such as porosity and oxidation, which can significantly affect the integrity and strength of the weld.

While other factors like cooling, heat penetration, and wire feeding play important roles in the overall welding process, they are not directly influenced by the torch angle in the same way that gas flow is. Proper shielding gas coverage is vital for achieving a successful and high-quality weld, making this the most critical aspect related to torch positioning in GMAW.