What could be the consequence of not properly filling a crater in a weld?

Not properly filling a crater in a weld can lead to cracking in the weld, which is a significant concern in welding practices. A crater is typically formed at the end of a weld bead when the welding arc is extinguished without sufficient material fill. This area can become a point of stress concentration, especially as the material cools and contracts. If a crater is present, the material in this region is often weaker and more susceptible to cracking under tension or thermal stress.

When the weld cools, the uneven cooling rates between the surrounding material and the crater can promote the development of cracks, especially if the weld is subjected to dynamic loads or severe service conditions. Therefore, ensuring that craters are properly filled helps maintain the structural integrity and overall strength of the weld joint. This is crucial for applications where durability and resistance to failure are paramount.